1. Which of the following annotations can be used on top of a field in Spring, in order for the field to be a candidate for dependency injection?
Explanation:
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@Autowired:
Correct, @Autowired annotation in Spring is used for automatic dependency injection, making the annotated field a candidate for injection. -
@Bean:
Incorrect, @Bean annotation is used to declare a Spring Bean at the method level, not for field-level dependency injection. -
@Resource:
Correct, @Resource annotation, similar to @Autowired, can be used for field-level dependency injection in Spring. However, unlike @Autowired, @Resource follows the JSR-250 standard and performs injection by name rather than type. -
@Inject:
Correct, @Inject annotation, part of the JSR-330 standard, can also be used for dependency injection in Spring, making it a valid choice for field-level injection.
2. In which of these transaction isolation levels can non-repeatable reads occur?
Explanation:
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Repeatable Reads:
Incorrect, this isolation level prevents non-repeatable reads by ensuring that if a transaction reads a row, it can read that row again and get the same values. -
Read Uncommitted:
Correct, this is the lowest isolation level and allows non-repeatable reads, as it permits reading uncommitted changes made by other transactions. -
Serializable:
Incorrect, this is the highest isolation level and prevents non-repeatable reads by ensuring a transaction can be completed only if no other transactions are modifying data that it has read. -
Read Committed:
Correct, this isolation level allows non-repeatable reads because it only guarantees that any data read is committed at the moment it is read; however, it can change before the end of the transaction if other transactions commit changes.
3. Which two statements are true regarding bean creation?
Explanation:
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A Spring bean can be implicitly created by annotating the class with @Component and using the component scanner to scan its package:
This statement is correct. When a class is annotated with @Component (or other stereotype annotations like @Service, @Repository, @Controller), and component scanning is enabled, Spring will automatically detect and create a bean for that class. -
A Spring bean can be explicitly created by annotating the class with @Autowired:
This statement is incorrect. The @Autowired annotation is used for dependency injection, not for bean creation. It marks a constructor, field, or setter method to be autowired by Spring's dependency injection facilities. -
A Spring bean can be explicitly created by annotating methods or fields by @Autowired:
This statement is incorrect. Similar to the previous statement, @Autowired is used for dependency injection, not for creating beans. -
A Spring bean can be explicitly created using @Bean annotated methods within a Spring configuration class:
This statement is correct. The @Bean annotation is used on methods within a @Configuration class to define a bean. The return value of the method is registered as a bean within the Spring ApplicationContext. -
A Spring bean can be implicitly created by annotating the class with @Bean and using the component scanner to scan its package:
This statement is incorrect. The @Bean annotation is used on methods, not on classes. It is not used in conjunction with component scanning to create beans.
4. Which two annotations indicate that the translation for a transactional test method should be committed after the test method has completed?
Explanation:
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@Transactional(commit=true):
This statement is incorrect. There is no commit attribute in the @Transactional annotation. The correct way to indicate that a transaction should be committed after a test method is with the @Commit annotation. -
@Commit:
This statement is correct. The @Commit annotation can be used to indicate that the transaction for a test method should be committed after the test method has completed. -
@Rollback(false):
This statement is correct. The @Rollback annotation with the value false can be used to override the default rollback behavior and commit the transaction after a test method has completed. -
@Sql(alwaysCommit=true):
his statement is incorrect. The @Sql annotation is used to execute SQL statements against a database, and it does not have an alwaysCommit attribute. -
@SqlMergeMode(false):
This statement is incorrect. The @SqlMergeMode annotation is used to specify how @Sql annotations should be combined when used at the class and method levels, and it does not have a boolean attribute.
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5. Which two are required to use transactions on Spring?
Explanation:
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A class returning a transaction must be implemented TransactionInterceptor interface:
This statement is incorrect. There is no requirement for a class to implement the TransactionInterceptor interface to support transactions in Spring. Transactions are typically managed using the @Transactional annotation. -
Annotate a class, an interface, or individual methods requiring a transaction with the @Transactional annotation:
This statement is correct. The @Transactional annotation is used to declare transactional behavior on classes, interfaces, or individual methods in Spring. -
Add @EnableTransactionManagement to a Java configuration class:
This statement is correct. The @EnableTransactionManagement annotation is used in a configuration class to enable Spring's annotation-driven transaction management capability. -
Write a Spring AOP advice to implement transactional behaviour:
This statement is incorrect. While it is possible to use Spring AOP to implement transactional behavior, it is not a requirement. The @Transactional annotation is the standard way to declare transactional behavior in Spring. -
A class must be annotated with @Service and @Transaction:
This statement is incorrect. While the @Service annotation is commonly used to indicate that a class is a service layer component, it is not required for transactional support. The @Transactional annotation is what's used to declare transactional behavior.
6. Which two statements are true regarding storing user details in Spring Security?
Explanation:
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User details can be stored in custom storage and retrieve them by implementing UserDetailsService interface:
This statement is correct. The UserDetailsService interface is used in Spring Security to load user-specific data. It can be implemented to retrieve user details from any custom storage, such as a database or a web service. -
The user details includes username and password but not authorities:
This statement is incorrect. The UserDetails interface in Spring Security includes not only the username and password but also the authorities (permissions) granted to the user. -
With a custom UserDetailsService defined in the ApplicationContext, Spring Boot still creates the default user:
This statement is incorrect. If a custom UserDetailsService is defined, Spring Boot will not create the default user. The custom UserDetailsService will be used to load user details. -
Passwords must be hashed and the default hashing algorithm is MD5:
This statement is incorrect. While passwords should be hashed, MD5 is not recommended due to security vulnerabilities. Spring Security recommends using stronger hashing algorithms like BCrypt. -
User details can be stored in a database, in LDAP, or in memory:
This statement is correct. Spring Security supports storing user details in various storage mechanisms, including databases, LDAP directories, and in-memory storage.
7. Which two options will inject the value of the daily.limit system property?
Explanation:
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@Value("${daily.limit}"):
This statement is correct. The @Value annotation with the "${...}" placeholder syntax is used to inject the value of a property into a field. If the property name matches a system property, such as "daily.limit," its value will be injected. -
@Value("#{systemProperties['daily.limit']}"):
This statement is correct. The @Value annotation with Spring Expression Language (SpEL) syntax "#{...}" can be used to access system properties. The expression "#{systemProperties['daily.limit']}" will inject the value of the "daily.limit" system property. -
@Value("$(systemProperties.daily.limit)"):
This statement is incorrect. The syntax "$(systemProperties.daily.limit)" is not valid for accessing system properties in Spring. The correct syntax for placeholders is "${...}" and for SpEL is "#{...}". -
@Value("#(daily.limit)"):
This statement is incorrect. The syntax "#(daily.limit)" is not valid for accessing properties in Spring. The correct syntax for SpEL expressions is "#{...}". -
@Value("#(systemProperties.daily.limit)"):
This statement is incorrect. The syntax "#(systemProperties.daily.limit)" is not valid for accessing system properties in Spring. The correct syntax for SpEL expressions is "#{...}".
8. Which three types can be used as @Controller method arguments?
Explanation:
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Session:
This statement is incorrect. The type 'Session' is not a valid argument type for a @Controller method. Instead, the HttpSession type should be used to access session information. -
HttpSession:
This statement is correct. HttpSession can be used as a method argument in a @Controller to interact with the HTTP session. -
Principal:
This statement is correct. Principal can be used as a method argument in a @Controller to access the currently authenticated user's information. -
Request:
This statement is incorrect. The type 'Request' is not a valid argument type for a @Controller method. Instead, HttpServletRequest should be used to access request information. -
Language:
This statement is incorrect. 'Language' is not a valid argument type for a @Controller method. To determine the client's preferred language, the Locale type should be used. -
Locale:
This statement is correct. Locale can be used as a method argument in a @Controller to determine the client's preferred locale based on the 'Accept-Language' header in the HTTP request.
9. Which dependency enables an automatic restart of the application on code changed during development of a Spring Boot?
Explanation:
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spring-boot-initializr:
his statement is incorrect. Spring Boot Initializr is a web-based tool for generating Spring Boot project structures, not a dependency for automatic restarts. -
spring-boot-starter-devtools:
his statement is incorrect. The spring-boot-starter-devtools dependency does not exist. -
spring-boot-restart:
This statement is incorrect. There is no spring-boot-restart dependency. The functionality for automatic restarts is provided by spring-boot-starter-devtools. -
spring-boot-devtools:
This statement is correct. The spring-boot-devtools module includes the automatic restart feature, which is enabled when the module is included in the project.
10. Which three dependencies are provided by the spring-boot-starter-test?
Explanation:
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EasyMock:
This statement is incorrect. EasyMock is not included in the spring-boot-starter-test dependency by default. -
spring-test:
This statement is correct. The spring-test module is included in the spring-boot-starter-test dependency and provides support for Spring testing features. -
Cucumber:
This statement is incorrect. Cucumber is not included in the spring-boot-starter-test dependency by default. -
PowerMock:
This statement is incorrect. PowerMock is not included in the spring-boot-starter-test dependency by default. -
JUnit:
This statement is correct. JUnit is included in the spring-boot-starter-test dependency, specifically JUnit 5 (Jupiter) for Spring Boot 2.x. -
Hamcrest:
This statement is correct. Hamcrest is included in the spring-boot-starter-test dependency and provides a library of matcher objects for building test expressions.
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